India has been conducting research in genetically modified food in the hope that the new crops can feed its burgeoning populations. Till now the country has allowed GM seeds only for cotton, which has boosted productivity, but there are invariably strong protests against allowing such seeds for edible crops.
Need for second Green Revolution
Though India had benefited greatly from the first Green Revolution, it had its downside, mainly by way of environmental damage. The water tables are drying up and the soil has been degraded by pesticide and fertilizers. A second Green Revolution is now again necessary but it can’t afford to be the same kind of green revolution like the first one. Climate change is already resulting in lower agricultural yield, and according to the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), part of a global network of agricultural research centres, “calorie availability” for the average consumer in a developing country will go down by 7 percent in 2050, compared with 2000. Rise in temperatures would also increase pest and plant diseases and reduce crop yield in the region.
Proponents of genetic engineering argue that GM technology does the same job as traditional plant hybridization, much more quickly and efficiently. But since governments routinely dictate agricultural policy in the country, acceptance of biotechnology derived food would ultimately depend on the choice of the Indian citizens. Because of a potential huge market in seeds and crops, the stakes in India’s decision on GM food are enormous.
Unlimited potential
However, the signs are encouraging. In a survey conducted by the Asian Food Information Centre, it has been found that consumers in Asia, especially India, China and the Philippines, are ready to accept the benefits of biotechnology derived foods. The report found that 84 per cent of Indians are in favour of purchasing genetically modified food such as tastier tomato, cheaper food staples and foods/cooking oil with a healthier fat profile.
About 70% of the Indians are also found to believe in the benefits of genetically modified food, while 68% are satisfied with the information provided on food labels. With a huge consumer base and large number of farmers, the potential for GM food in India is unlimited.
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